Of Mice and Men Main Question Essay

The inquiry we are focussing on all through the entire paper, which is the primary subject, is whether Curley’s spouse is a casualty in the story or a tramp. The two unique sides of Curley’s spouse are difficult to decide in Steinbeck’s ‘Mice and Men’, as she will in general trade jobs occasionally. At focuses in the story we have motivation to accept that that she is a casualty, from the manner in which she feels about Curley and her unattained future, which I will investigate further on in the exposition. I will likewise put over my focuses on how she can be an adulterating tramp by investigating her physical appearance, non-verbal communication and different characters assessments of her. From Steinbeck’s letter we can see that she couldn’t truly trust anybody since early on in light of the fact that each time she confided in anybody she got injured. This gives her blameless side. There are relatively few focuses in Steinbeck’s letter that show that she is a defiling tramp as he will in general principally center around her honest side and he experiences all the occasions she got injured and why she got injured. I will currently proceed to clarify my focuses in further detail. In this area I will clarify how Curley’s spouse could be a guiltless casualty in her life and according to other people. She is the casualty of the ‘American Dream’, her craving to go to Hollywood and be an entertainer, which was a fantasy that she was unable to satisfy as a result of her mom denying her to leave at such a youthful age. On page 125 she demonstrates that she truly could have been an on-screen character by the content expressed ‘She made a little fabulous motion with her arm and hand to show that she could act. The fingers trailed after her driving wrist, and her little finger stood out remarkably from the rest’. This little statement shows how skilled she could have been and it causes you to feel shattered that she couldn’t satisfy her fantasy. From that point on she has been disheartened and can't confide in anybody, this gives her guiltless side. She was told by a man that he could place her in the motion pictures; she was excited as she needed to be a well known entertainer and be provocative like Jean Harlow and Marilyn Monroe yet when her mom said she couldn’t go she decided on a simpler choice to escape where she was by wedding Curley. She says in the content on page 125 ‘I don’t like curley, he aint a decent fella’ which demonstrates that she had to get hitched to him as it was the last choice. Since Curley was the most effortless and perhaps the last alternative, he didn’t really love her and simply needed to utilize her. She knew this and despite the fact that he rewarded her severely, she couldn’t leave him as she loved him. Regardless of whether she didn’t she had no place else to go so she was fundamentally caught in her own home. Her existence with Curley is hopeless which makes her considerably increasingly irritated about not having the option to satisfy her fantasy and have opportunity. In the story she admits to Lennie the one thing that she’s never admitted to anybody, that she doesn’t really like Curley and that she can’t escape because of a paranoid fear of what may occur. You can see from this that she simply needs somebody to converse with as she is so desolate and can’t truly trust or converse with Curley about anything. The individuals on the farm give her a similar measure of regard that Curley does. At the point when they consider her or see her around the farm they don’t partner her with her own name, to them she’s just Curley’s spouse and they call her ‘Jailbait’ and ‘Good looking’. You can tell she gets baffled by having nobody to converse with when she blows up on page 123 and says ‘What’s the issue with me? Aint I got an option to converse with no one? Whatta they think I am anyways?’ In the story we don’t even discover what her name is which shows how much consideration she gets for her looks rather than her character which is the place she needs most consideration. From this we can see that she simply needs somebody to converse with. Then again there are fundamental highlights we can find in the content that depict her to appear to be an undermining tramp. Taking a gander at the manner in which Steinbeck portrays her physical appearance we can perceive how from the outset impressions she would seem to be sluttish. For a beginning, he portrays her outfit. On page 53 when she initially shows up the early introduction would appear to be tramp-like as he says ‘She had full rouged lips and wide dispersed eyes, intensely made up. Her fingernails were red. She wore a cotton dress and red donkeys. On the insteps of which were little bunches of red ostrich feathers’. The dress and plume shoes give us a look of how she needs to complement her body and her legs and its practically like she’s attempting to demonstrate that she could be a renowned model and have pictures taken of her if she’d have gotten the opportunity to. The shade of the dress and shoes are red which propose peril as we generally approach red as a compromising shading. So from the beginning we can she that she will be inconvenience for George and particularly Lennie because of past conditions with him and a young lady. Her hair is depicted as curls like ‘sausages’ which is acceptable utilization of portending as Lennie is portrayed as a creature, and food is utilized as lure for creatures in this manner she truly is ‘Jailbait’. She wears heaps of cosmetics to highlight her facial highlights; this is another motivation behind why she could be a defiling tramp. The first occasion when she strolls into the farm she inclines toward the entryway and inclines forward to flaunt her body to Lennie and George, on page 53 Steinbeck states ‘She put her hands behind her back and inclined toward the door jamb with the goal that her body was tossed forward’. With her emphasizd make up and garments she neglects to get a notification for her sentiments and for her feelings and they just focus in transit she looks which tells George from the beginning that she will be inconvenience as she hurls herself forward a lot for consideration. In the manner she talks you can hear the provocativeness and imposingness of her voice, as portrayed on page 53 when Steinbeck says ‘Her voice had a nasal, weak quality’ which gives us that she needs to allure individuals or passage them. To finish up I think it is imperative to incorporate the demise scene where Steinbeck depicts her as being free and guiltless after her passing. He depicts her in a youngster like structure lastly being delightful and accomplishing all that she expected to accomplish in light of the fact that she was simply in an unlucky spot. This truly concludes my choice for her being blameless on the grounds that it shows that she truly wasn’t ever, or didn’t ever mean to be, an undermining tramp. Her reason for wearing scandalous and provocative garments could be on the grounds that she needed love and fondness which she couldn’t get from her own, broken relationship with Curley. She was simply in an unlucky spot, and it wasn’t her issue. My decision is that I think she is blameless as a result of past focuses that I have made and expressed.

Explore the theme of escapism in Peter Pan Essay Example for Free

Investigate the subject of idealism in Peter Pan Essay The subject of idealism is conspicuous in much childrens writing. Frances Hodgson-Burnetts The Secret Garden is, similar to Peter Pan, a case of Edwardian childrens writing. Both these books are stories of idealism from genuine into a different universe. There are likewise later instances of idealism in childrens writing. During the 1950s C. S. Lewis imagined Narnia, and in significantly later writing, Harry Potter gets away from his regular day to day existence to go to class at Hogwarts. J. M. Barries Peter Pan, an early Edwardian epic, is one of the extraordinary works of art of British childrens writing and is, by all accounts, a story about a kid who would not grow up. There is be that as it may, a basic plot concerning a young lady who must grow up. It is from this commitment that Barries Neverland goes about as a type of break. All through Peter Pan, there is little spotlight on the female characters. It is nearly expected that Wendy will grow up and turn into a Mother, as all girls do. In spite of the fact that Neverland permits Wendy to escape from her home and from the local world she knows, she doesn't get away from home life by and large. She nearly becomes mother to the Lost Boys, and is given various local obligations, for example, pressing Peters shadow. Notwithstanding, Wendys relationship with Peter isn't totally ordinary. She seems, by all accounts, to be the nearest thing Peter has to a sweetheart, as he dismisses the lewd gestures of both Tinkerbell and Tiger Lily. Be that as it may, Wendy likewise gives off an impression of being going about as his mom, something Peter has been denied of as long as he can remember. It is the whimsical vitality of Barries creative mind loaded up with such an impressive scatter of privateers, redskins, pixies and mermaids that captivates such a large number of kids (Carpenter p172). Through this control of different people groups psyches and feelings, Barrie steals them away from this present reality to his very own nation innovation (Carpenter p179). Barrie is by all accounts giving his perusers a substitute confidence, to go about as a type of break from the Christian lessons of the Victorian time. It has even been proposed that Peter Pan is in truth an elective religion. Humphrey Carpenter proposes that in numerous regards Peter is Christ-like. Perhaps the most clear case of this is the point at which he takes Wendy and her siblings on a trip of imagination to his own eminent land (Carpenter p182). The Lost Boys who live there appear to speak to the spirits of the dead as Peter affirms, They are the youngsters who drop out of their prams when the medical caretaker is looking the other way, in this manner further expanding Neverlands similarity of paradise. The idea of getting away to paradise was critical to Barrie. He lost his sibling David at a youthful age and along these lines consumed quite a bit of his time on earth attempting to turn into a living variant of the kid who by kicking the bucket remained ever youthful (Wallshli ger p120). To watch Peter and Hook as the Christ and Satan of Barries religion, the peruser must have confidence in the novel. The subject of conviction is fascinating all through Peter Pan as the peruser may be, similar to the Darling youngsters, continually being asked, Do you accept? So as to fly, the Darling youngsters must have confidence, and think exquisite magnificent contemplations, as Peters pixie dust seems to be, in itself insufficient. Thus the peruser or crowd must have confidence and trust in the way that a kid can fly. So also, so as to escape to Neverland, a peruser must have confidence that there is such a spot some place past the second star to one side and straight on until morning. The subject of conviction is especially significant toward the finish of Barries story when the sweetheart youngsters lose their confidence and no longer put stock in Peter, thus can't see him. Despite the fact that confidence and conviction are significant in Peter Pan, the fantasy about getting away to a different universe is by all accounts practically independent. Barrie infers there is little need to grow up or stir from this fantasy for what it's worth in truth previously encircled by the Edwardian home life of this present reality where riches and connections are significant. Woodworker in actuality goes farther than this by stating that kids must not grow up and asserts that to visit Neverland requires a demonstration of conviction that kids can't support as they grow up (Carpenter p180). Diminish himself is by all accounts of the sentiment that it is just youngsters, who can get away from the drudgery of regular day to day existence and cases, I need consistently to be a young man, and to have a great time. Barries experience story and his making of such an enchanted saint appears to have accomplished what so much childrens writing had recently attempted to do. Diminish speaks to the move from the Victorian view of the youngster as an ethical symbol to a furor for the kid as a carefree playboy legend (Wallshli ger p111). Dwindle has no memory or feeling, thus can live just for the second and encounters joys that other kids can never know (Wallshli ger p117). Subside is an agamic kid as opposed to a youngster. Barrie himself was likewise to some degree sexless, and it is far fetched whether his marriage was ever culminated. This absence of sexuality and sentimental relationship is spoken to well in front of an audience as Peter is regularly played by an on-screen character, and is in this way saw as a gender ambiguous figure. Another intriguing part of the throwing of Peter Pan is that of Mr. Dear and Hook, who customarily, are played by a similar on-screen character. This turns out to be especially noteworthy while considering the subject of manliness in Peter Pan. There is a lot of proof of male seriousness in the novel. The most clear case of this is Peters double with Hook, which gives off an impression of being a declaration of manliness by Peter. It is especially intriguing that it is Peter and the lost young men who triumph over Hook who is a full grown miscreant. This energetic triumph goes about as another type of getaway for a youthful peruser. Customarily in Victorian culture grown-ups were in charge and would have control over kids. In Barries Childrens dream, it is youth and sexual adolescence that empower Peter to triumph over his grown-up rivals. It has been proposed by numerous pundits that Peter, The kid who wouldnt grow up, is a portrayal of Barrie himself. Barrie was a short man and in spite of a mustache held a notably innocent look until mature age (Carpenter p173). He was in a physical regard, actually, a kid who couldnt grow up. This figure of a man in a childs body is without a doubt the rule model for Peter, who is neither kid nor grown-up (Carpenter p177).

How to Make a Good Hook For Research Paper

<h1>How to Make a Good Hook For Research Paper</h1><p>Are you experiencing difficulty getting a decent snare for investigate paper? I realize I did. In any case, I would not like to surrender, and since I had the option to get a decent one, I figure you can too.</p><p></p><p>A paper snare is fundamentally a long bit of wire or string that you tie around the edge of your paper, holding it set up and keeping it from moving endlessly. This may appear to be confused, yet it's quite basic once you get the hang of it.</p><p></p><p>Since you won't compose the paper with the snare, you can put it aside during the time that you're doing the paper and proceed with whatever you're taking a shot at. All things considered, a paper snare is extremely only a huge screwdriver, which you join to the base of your paper and afterward screw the entire thing into your paper, holding it in place.</p><p></p><p>What I was battling with is that when I was doing my composition, I found that I was simply continually turning the paper around the whole time. It appeared as though I was turning my paper around like a top and it was turning into a torment to take a gander at and to peruse. Truth be told, it was hindering the words and I needed a paper snare so I could stop and turn it so I wouldn't need to stress over moving the paper around. After much idea, I concluded that the most ideal approach to achieve this was to compose the whole paper while turning the paper and afterward read it in reverse.</p><p></p><p>So, what I did was that I would take a pen and a paper, and afterward I would put the paper down and begin composing by holding the paper in the front of my mouth, in this manner compelling me to pivot the paper around in my mouth, as I composed. I found this worked shockingly well, so I proceeded with it for the rest of the paper.</p><p></p><p> I found that after about seven days of this, my paper had really begun to come to fruition and my words were starting to stream easily. I can disclose to you that my words streamed so well in light of the fact that in addition to the fact that I wrote with the paper in the front of my mouth yet I likewise gave careful consideration of the left and right edges of my paper, to make sure I knew where I was perusing the following paragraph.</p><p></p><p>I still required a decent snare for investigate paper, yet I didn't need to make due with a truly confused one. All I needed to do was follow indistinguishable essential strides from I portrayed above and I was well en route to the composition of my splendid thesis.</p>

Finding Investigative Essay Samples

<h1>Finding Investigative Essay Samples</h1><p>Investigative expositions assist you with exhibiting your exploration aptitudes and expound on a subject that is near your heart. To give the peruser a positive sentiment of what you may be experiencing or how you would deal with a circumstance, have a go at following analytical article tests. The models in this article depend on genuine situations, however on the off chance that you stay with the example, the exposition will fill in as a decent rule for your own work.</p><p></p><p>Writers regularly have some leisure time to dedicate to composing. Composing articles and examination isn't just tedious, however it can likewise be disappointing when you come up with nothing. In the event that you've had issues with composing a fruitful article, or you have some free time to entertain yourself with some comfortable composition, exploit this opportunity to locate some insightful paper tests that you c an duplicate. These examples are regularly remembered for a book of top notch research papers, which are helpful for an analytical article. You ought to likewise consider paying for a portion of the insightful exposition samples.</p><p></p><p>You may need to concentrate on unique substance, since the organization offering the analytical articles has just done a large portion of the work for you. Most organizations have these substance the board frameworks set up, which permit them to deal with a gigantic database. You may very well discover the examination paper or exploration reports you're searching for, given that you peruse through enough organizations' catalogs.</p><p></p><p>If you need to adopt this strategy, simply do a straightforward quest for an expression like 'unique exploration content'. You should discover a few destinations that offer data, for example, research papers, stories, news, and numerous others. Most sites offe r unique substance too, so simply scan for it in the hunt engines.</p><p></p><p>Some authors are unsure about whether their composing can be distributed without relinquishing their own experience. To take care of this issue, have a go at seeing some article models or exploration paper tests that depict what they did, and afterward contrast them with their current writing.A essayist may locate that an adjustment in the style and organization of their composing has been required. A few pieces may show up excessively formal. This style could be changed to something progressively easygoing and increasingly inventive. Have a go at following analytical article tests that are progressively close to home, or utilize the less difficult composing styles that different authors follow.</p><p></p><p>Whether you are doing an exploration paper or a business research paper, you may be uncertain about whether you will be composing an insightful exposit ion. In this way, before composing, take a gander at certain instances of insightful articles, and afterward invest some energy thinking about the data they give. Follow a similar procedure for exploring, you ought to have the option to get a smart thought of the sorts of data you are probably going to be asked to supply.</p><p></p><p>When you are attempting to build up your own composing style, it is useful to peruse some unique exploration papers, since this will assist you with discovering what kinds of things individuals will ask you to expound on and for what good reason. You can likewise utilize your own examination paper to assist you with discovering some insightful exposition samples.</p>

Text Analysis Using Mongodb - Benefits and Uses

<h1>Text Analysis Using Mongodb - Benefits and Uses</h1><p>Text examination utilizing mongodb is an incredible yet basic procedure for doing a wide assortment of errands. In this article I'll plot how it tends to be utilized to assemble your own examination venture, assist you with planning a profile, or audit information from various sources.</p><p></p><p>As I referenced prior, content investigation utilizing mongodb comes in two structures: electronic and disconnected. Every accompany its own arrangement of qualities and shortcomings. In this article I'll take a gander at what you can hope to pick up from both approaches.</p><p></p><p>Web-based examination apparatuses are accessible online for a couple of various reasons. They incorporate ventures that include making databases from various sources, for example, site pages or content and afterward utilizing the information from these databases to make progressively ex haustive investigative reports. In spite of the fact that they are like disconnected techniques, they are not exactly as available, as it is important to have a nearby PC with a web connection.</p><p></p><p>Offline devices are frequently utilized when you approach information that you don't have the opportunity to incorporate with a database. As a rule you will find that you can utilize the information on the web, however just utilize the instruments that are applicable to the information itself. For instance, in the event that you need a paper from the University of California about lodging advancements in San Francisco, at that point you could get the paper from the UC site, which is broadly accessible, however have it altered and checked before you publish.</p><p></p><p>These two ways to deal with content investigation utilizing mongodb can likewise be joined. You can get a report from the UC on the web, with a related record to sho w your examination was done utilizing this methodology. You could then distribute the investigation on an open site. Almost certainly, numerous different scientists would then utilize this information to complete their own work.</p><p></p><p>All of these apparatuses are extraordinary and will permit you to manufacture a fantastically nitty gritty profile of your perusers. In any case, there are different approaches to discover fascinating individuals who are keen on your subject, by utilizing innovation that makes it conceivable to get to information from various sources, and channel what you get. This incorporates content investigation utilizing monody.</p><p></p><p>When you take a gander at the content examination utilizing monody, it becomes clear that you get an inconceivable measure of significant worth for generally little exertion. On the off chance that you need to stay aware of a wide scope of new turns of events, at that poin t this is an incredible method to do it. You can utilize the full intensity of a scope of various apparatuses from various fields to make an exceptionally nitty gritty profile of your perusers. With only a couple of snaps of the mouse you can produce reports, short records, and full-length articles.</p>

Benefits of Using iELTS Problem Solution Essay Samples

<h1>Benefits of Using iELTS Problem Solution Essay Samples</h1><p>An iELTS issue arrangement article test is probably the most ideal approaches to guarantee that you can get past a difficult subject at the most elevated level conceivable. In addition to the fact that they contain the important subtleties and investigation required for the exposition, yet they likewise give procedures that might be useful in beating different difficulties that understudies may look in the last assessment. While it is essential to concentrate regarding the matter of the exposition, it is likewise imperative to not pass up different viewpoints that make a troublesome subject much progressively troublesome. We will take a gander at a portion of the advantages that are related with an iELTS issue arrangement article sample.</p><p></p><p>Not just will these arrangements help to dispose of those feared additional tests, they will likewise have a heading on your last score. Obviously, a great paper should leave the peruser or audience thinking and give them a balanced impression of the content. An ineffectively composed exposition will likely be scored extremely low and you won't have any trust in the nature of your composed work.</p><p></p><p>The second advantage of utilizing these iELTS issue arrangement article tests is that they will expand your insight into the subject. Numerous individuals who are battling with learning an English language are glad to acknowledge help from a teacher or from a specialist who has done the subject previously. This permits them to fabricate their insight and reinforce their insight base for future reference.</p><p></p><p>The third advantage of utilizing issue arrangement papers is that they should have the option to empower positive changes in an understudy's presentation. On the off chance that an understudy can't recognize an issue and take care of business th en they will in all likelihood flop in the subject.</p><p></p><p>In my conclusion, the best genuine case of an iELTS issue arrangement is from Andrew Lloyd Webber's drama Phantom of the Opera. There is a scene where the principle character, Francesca, is offered a tuxedo and by wearing it she can get into the show as a woman for all the men. Normally, she needs to wear a tuxedo in the audience.</p><p></p><p>The paper includes snapping a picture of the tuxedo simultaneously as the male crowd, considering the way that the tuxedo being referred to is one which is altogether different to what most of men are wearing. It is an extremely intense area and it more likely than not been very humiliating for Francesca. She additionally is by all accounts awkward as the outfits appear to look odd on her and she gets hesitant. Notwithstanding, she effectively makes sure about herself and it is obvious from the tuxedo photograph that she is OK with the adjustment in her wardrobe.</p><p></p><p>These three advantages of utilizing issue arrangement articles in your assessment are only three of the numerous advantages of utilizing such expositions. They additionally contain the essential data to be utilized in guaranteeing that you accomplish excellent grades. By utilizing this kind of paper you will be set up for whatever comes your direction with regards to your assessment and you will be significantly more sure about your capacity to succeed.</p>

Research Paper Topics for Your PhD

<h1>Research Paper Topics for Your PhD</h1><p>Some understudies experience issues with investigate paper points for their PhD. In this article I'll discuss subjects to consider that will assist them with traversing the course.</p><p></p><p>There are different approaches to move toward inquire about papers for a PhD. Perhaps the least demanding ways is to make a rundown of themes and research papers that you need to do dependent on your degree of comprehension and interests. You could then follow the examination paper point thoughts that they are recommended in the guide.</p><p></p><p>A smart thought for an exploration paper for a PhD is to cover a wide scope of themes that you can deal with all alone. Most understudies need more time to do all the examination papers, in any case, when you comprehend what's essential to you. For instance, on the off chance that you need to expound on how informal organizations influence gatherings, yet you're hesitant to handle it from a pariah's point of view, at that point you can simply do some exploration on the theme. What it will require some investment and research.</p><p></p><p>Other examine paper points remember helping individuals to discover their way forever, which is presumably one of the most famous research papers. It is likewise acceptable to attempt to clarify how some social circumstances could impact somebody's turn of events. This is the reason the point is called 'social influence'.</p><p></p><p>Another smart thought for inquire about paper subjects is the general intrigue themes, which are likewise normal for a PhD. These incorporate regions like youth considers, human science, history, and so on. On the off chance that you are keen on these subjects, and have experience with them, at that point you might have the option to compose your own exploration paper, as long as you most likely are aware how to do it.</p><p></p><p>Just in light of the fact that a theme is well known for a PhD doesn't imply that it is likewise famous for inquire about paper themes, anyway it is regularly best to pick a theme that is additionally normal to the understudy. For instance, in the event that you need to expound on environmental change, it is acceptable to put together your subject with respect to normal information on the point, or on others' exploration. It is acceptable to consider these subjects before composing an examination paper as you would prefer not to be one-sided towards one viewpoint.</p><p></p><p>Finally, you have to utilize your exploration information and encounters to take a gander at your work and at yourself basically to check whether you are doing it accurately, and to check whether you can be target and see things from someone else's point of view. This is presumably the most significant thing that any PhD understudy oug ht to do. Keep in mind, we are frequently making a decision about ourselves, so you have to ensure that you know about the sorts of generalizations and judgment that others may put on you.</p><p></p><p>In end, recollect that examination paper subjects can be useful, however that we should be cautious. At the point when you are searching for subjects, ensure that they are identified with the subject of your PhD, or, in all likelihood they may distance your crowd and make it hard to compose the paper. Likewise, don't be hesitant to follow the exploration paper points recommended in the guide, as long as you are being honest and objective in what you are saying.</p>

Tips for Writing Articles for Internet Marketing

Tips for Writing Articles for Internet MarketingWith the advent of the internet, more custom writing has been conducted online. Online marketing and communication have become more essential in the business world to attract and hold customers in the age of information and global competition.Writers have always been in demand; they are the ones that can help the business survive and thrive in the social media arena. Online custom writing is a specialized field that offers writers a broad spectrum of opportunities to work from home. This type of writing is normally a little more high-pressured than traditional forms of writing as there is a very short attention span required when looking for solutions to many business problems.Article marketing is one way of increasing web traffic to your website. Writing articles on topics that are closely related to the offerings of your company and gaining the attention of others is a great way to grow your business in a short amount of time. Custom article writing for websites may also involve including links to your site within the article. In doing so, your visitors will be directed to your site via the article.Search engine optimization (SEO) refers to developing content for your web page. Articles, which are distributed for this purpose, are often used to increase the visibility of your website and also to increase the traffic it generates. It is not uncommon for webmasters to publish articles on a variety of topics, which includes educational materials, industry news, or general written materials.Most web pages today are created by companies themselves or they hire freelance writers to create content for them. Many webmasters also use articles to market their sites and keep visitors interested in their products and services. Online custom writing services can easily be found to meet all of your content needs.Creating custom articles takes research, imagination, and also work ethic. When done right, they can be one of the most successful forms of marketing the business. Many article markets are eager to give their content away for free, but only if the writer writes quality articles.Some of the most common uses for articles for marketing a company or an internet marketing campaign include article marketing, syndication, promotion, and submissions. Custom writing services can help improve your company's search engine ranking and turn articles into advertising that is effective and fun.The process of creating articles for internet marketing or advertising purposes can be tedious and time consuming. Custom writing services can make it easier for you to write good articles, at a price that is suitable for your budget.

Sample Research Paper Essay - How to Write One For College

Sample Research Paper Essay - How to Write One For CollegeHaving a good and valid research paper is not enough; you also need to have a sample research paper essay for college. Most college students, and even professors, nowadays prefer to study the sample papers written by more experienced students. This is because many students have been known to copy-paste the wording from one essay to another.But it is not all about copying; there are also instances when students are simply not clear about what they want to say in their paper. And that is where a sample research paper for college comes into play. By reading this article, you will be able to learn the important tips on how to write a good and interesting research paper essay for college.A sample research paper for college, or any research paper for that matter, should be informative. That means that the information provided should be accurate. It should be well organized, consistent, and precise, which should then lead to an easie r and better written paper.The first tip in creating a good quality paper is to be patient and careful in choosing your topic. If you don't know what to write about, the topic selection should come from your own personal needs. Whether you know anything about a particular subject or not, you can always consult an expert and try to read his or her work before composing a research paper.Another important tip for writing a good research paper is to be organized and consistent with your language. You should be sure that all your facts are supported by factual evidence. Don't leave things vague, as that will make the audience's understanding of your ideas more difficult.Finally, make sure that you come up with a good conclusion in your research paper. This will make the readers feel that they have grasped something useful. And in turn, the readers will not be disappointed because of the fact that you have not provided them with all the necessary details.That being said, the best tip for writing a good research paper is to use quotations liberally. A few of them is enough to convince the reader that you have taken the time to learn about the subject. Just make sure that you mention all your sources correctly so that your readers can be sure that they are in fact using correct information.Another great tip to make a good research paper is to avoid plagiarism at all costs. What could be worse than writing a research paper for college that was copied word for word? Just make sure that you use quality sources or you might not get your paper published.

Script Writing 3 Minute Play Regarding Domestic Violence - 275 Words

Script Writing: 3 Minute Play Regarding Domestic Violence (Essay Sample) Content: Domestic Violence PlayStudents Name:Professors Name:Course Title:Date:The play starts at the dining table. Both Stacy and John have just sat down to eat, when John notices that their is no meat in the serving bowlJohn: Excuse me I thought I gave you money to buy meat?Stacy: Their was no cooking fat so I decided not to buy meat and instead buy beansJohn: shut up you slatStacy: Who are you calling a slut? You impotent boy, if you were man enough you could have at least given me a child.John: shut up, shut up who are you addressing do I look like one of your cheap boyfriends, ehh, look at me ehhStacy: dont tell me to shut up you are the one who started all this, a man who wants to control a woman in the kitchen is no man. Why dont you go and bring some meat if you are craving for one (Stacy talking meekly, what a man who cant even satisfy a woman in bed)John: if you want to talk why dont you talk so that I can hear, by the way if you continue talking I will tear your mou th wide open that one will mistake your mouth for a tunnel.Stacy: Why dont you first stop talking so that I can also stop talking?Both of them are now shouting at each other calling each other namesJohn: I told you to stop talking and now I will show you who is the man around hereStacy: you are only a man because you wear trousers and you have a thing that doesnt functionJohn: what did you just say?(John gets up shaking with rage)Stacy: yah I wa...

A Kresge Summer Writing Essay Sample Can Help You With Your Essays

A Kresge Summer Writing Essay Sample Can Help You With Your EssaysA Kresge Summer Writing Essay Sample can assist you with both your scholarly expositions and your other composing ventures. On the off chance that you are beginning to do examine for your school articles, you will need to discover a Kresge Essay Sample that is anything but difficult to peruse and follow. On the off chance that you are searching for thoughts for your other composed work, a Kresge Writing Essay Sample can assist you with getting a few thoughts and direct you in a direction.If you as of now have a Kresge Summer Writing Essay Sample that you know is efficient and can assist you with your composition, you can utilize it to assist you with ensuring that you don't commit any errors. You can figure out how to utilize the blueprint appropriately to have the option to get the thoughts across plainly and proficiently. On the off chance that you don't feel that you have a decent Kresge Summer Writing Essay Sample, you can buy a total arrangement of composing guides.By gaining from an article test that is structured by an accomplished author, you can perceive what sorts of words are best utilized for specific circumstances. You will have the option to see the various approaches to structure your sentences, when to transform them, and when to stress one thought. In the event that you have involvement recorded as a hard copy papers, this is useful for you as well.One of the reasons that you will need to utilize a Kresge Summer Writing Essay Sample is on the grounds that you can see instances of the articles that others have done. In the event that you will compose your own article, you can take a gander at how others have composed theirs. You will get a ton of thoughts for your own essay.Another reason that you might need to purchase a Kresge Summer Writing Essay Sample is with the goal that you can peruse the diverse composing styles that are in it. By gaining from this, you can be certain tha t you will have the option to concoct your own style and procedures. This is useful in the event that you need to keep taking a shot at your essays.Another reason that you might need to buy a Kresge Summer Writing Essay Sample is so you can investigate the various materials that are incorporated. Since the Kresge Company has a ton of various items that they offer, they should make composing guides. These will give you thoughts for your composition and assist you with getting thoughts for your papers and other works.By purchasing a Kresge Summer Writing Essay Sample, you will have the option to utilize the materials once more. You will have the option to reuse them in your next composing venture. You will likewise have the option to utilize the pieces to assist you with getting a few thoughts for your own essays.There are numerous reasons why you might need to buy a Kresge Summer Writing Essay Sample. It tends to be extremely useful for you to survey the various papers that are acces sible for you to browse. You will need to take a gander at the different distinctive Kresge Writing Essay tests before you settle on your choice to buy one.

Tips For Writing a Scholarship Essay

<h1>Tips For Writing a Scholarship Essay</h1><p>Writing a 500 word grant article can be overwhelming for most understudies. An author's customary range of familiarity is a mile wide and an inch deep.</p><p></p><p>Fortunately, most schools offer exposition tests to help you through this procedure. These examples are normally simple to follow and a decent initial move toward turning into a distributed writer.</p><p></p><p>A grant article is commonly an any longer than your regular secondary school paper. Many offer understudies the choice of presenting their papers electronically, with the goal that they can be perused as they are being composed up. Much further developed understudies will have the option to pick between electronic or print-on-request services.</p><p></p><p>Many exposition tests are composed utilizing Microsoft Word. In case you're inexperienced with the fundamental designing of M icrosoft Word, you'll need to get acquainted with it before starting your quest for tests. Word permits you to organize your exposition utilizing strong and italics. It additionally lets you decide to design your article in tables or in bulleted lists.</p><p></p><p>Before beginning your quest for test papers, make certain to remember a great deal of data for your exposition. This will assist with making it stand apart from the several comparable papers that have just been submitted. It's additionally useful to write in a voice that best speaks to you. Make a point to painstakingly choose your composing style.</p><p></p><p>To slender down your quest for test articles, make certain to look on Google. Some grant expositions are really distributed in significant news locales, for example, Newsweek.com. These tips are useful for narrowing down your pursuit to concentrate on explicit styles of grant. You may locate some extraordinary models by essentially doing a straightforward inquiry on that topic.</p><p></p><p>A grant exposition is one of the most significant pieces of your application. On the off chance that you have any questions about whether you will have the option to keep in touch with one, recall that numerous universities expect you to submit one so as to be considered for admission.</p>

The Best Persuasive Essay Samples

The Best Persuasive Essay SamplesTo have a successful essay, you need to learn from the best persuasive essay samples available. There are some very effective techniques that can help you do just that. In this article, we will explore what the best persuasive essay samples are and how they can benefit you in essay writing.The best persuasive essay samples are those that use a powerful story. Stories are by far the most popular technique used in the essay writing process. Every essay must start with a good story.When it comes to persuading others, stories are essential, as they are a very strong tool in the arsenal of persuasive essay samples. They are an important part of every persuasive essay. If you do not know how to use stories effectively, I suggest that you read the advice below on how to do so effectively.One of the most powerful stories you can use to convince someone of something is the 'thesis' of your essay. This is a very short paragraph that has to be delivered very eff ectively. It must be engaging and should make a strong impact on the reader.When writing an essay, using the best persuasive essay samples is an essential part of the process. However, when you find one that works for you, I suggest that you use it as much as possible. You need to focus on using the technique that works best for you.However, there are times when the essay may not seem to be making any impact. You can try using different essay writing techniques. Some of these techniques may be:However, remember that all of these simple techniques may not always work. You must test your essay so that you can determine what exactly is working and what is not.Remember that to have the best persuasive essay samples, you must first understand what these writing samples are all about. You should understand the difference between essay writing and persuasive essay writing. This will enable you to learn how to properly use the techniques.

Ideas For Topics For Technical Writing

Ideas For Topics For Technical WritingFor the topics you are going to use for your paper, there are a number of ideas for topics for technical writing. Each topic could be of a more or less detail. This will influence the amount of time you have to spend in researching it. It is also important that the topic chosen should fit the scope of the paper.There are two types of topics: White Papers and Technical Writing Papers. There are more white papers out there that the topics that they cover. White papers focus more on the technical writing and reporting abilities. There are different requirements needed for a technical writing paper. These requirements can be learned from the teaching of technical writing and other topics related to technical writing.One of the ideas for topics for white papers is developing a master plan. Here, the writer will draw out how he is going to go about the job of writing his paper. The outline will be tested by the editor and the writer in the process. The best idea for a topic for white papers is to think how you can demonstrate your knowledge in a way that will catch the readers' attention. Your outline will need to be practical and written down so that it can become part of the main body of the paper.Another idea for topics for white papers is using the details in the content that you have found. It is useful to know that if you find some background information online, it might be a good topic for a technical writing paper. It is good to consider what the audience will need to understand and it is a lot easier to be able to incorporate the details into your content than to write all of the relevant facts. If you need help with this, a good idea for topics for white papers is to have the relevant details in your body.One idea for topics for white papers is coming up with a resume for your topic. Have it properly researched, which means looking at resumes of others that have already written about the same topic that you are writing about. This is so the information that you come up with will be very good. There are also other ideas for topics for white papers, such as writing a more general technical report, research, editorial, scientific paper, etc.A final idea for topics for white papers is coming up with a topic that fits in with the specifics of a specific topic. This is especially helpful when the subject is in a class or topic that is related to technical writing. The writer can then write something new and unique about the topic and make it work for his particular subject.Ideas for topics for technical writing can include anything from the most important points that will be discussed to the most recent advancements in the industry. The writer must be able to present this information clearly and efficiently. For example, if the topic is a report about the newest advances in electronic devices, it is important that the writer write about technology that is relevant to the topic.It is also important that the writer uses the information for his or her own benefit, rather than just writing for the sake of writing. This will help the writer to be more effective. The writer should look at what has been published and if it is relevant to his or her writing. Taking this into consideration, the writer can come up with an idea for topics for technical writing and the technical writing can be more effective and specific.

Sample Placement Test Essay - A Way to Prepare for the Actual Placement Test

Sample Placement Test Essay - A Way to Prepare for the Actual Placement TestThe purpose of a sample placement test essay is to prepare you for taking an actual placement test. There are many potential benefits that can be received from completing a sample placement test. It will prepare you for the tasks and responsibilities of the placement test and will enable you to understand the questions being asked. It will also give you a better understanding of how you are able to demonstrate that you are competent at the tasks that you will be required to perform on the real placement test.Taking a placement test in a classroom setting is not always the best way to demonstrate your ability to do the tasks on the test. The test often has multiple choice questions that use a multiple-choice format that may not be suitable for students who find it difficult to complete these kinds of essays. A sample placement test essay will make the task easier to complete.Students may be expected to write e ssay answers that provide accurate and true information about the problem or topic. However, the correct answers to these types of questions are only provided by answering the question in the correct manner. Writing an essay in response to the question can require students to reword the information to meet certain criteria that are commonly associated with a possible solution to the problem or topic. This is where a sample placement test essay becomes important.There are a number of ways that a student can provide an essay answer that is effective in demonstrating that they are able to explain the situation clearly and accurately. Many students will use pre-written templates that are provided with the test, which is very helpful. However, there are also many instances where students are required to write their own essay and in some cases this can help them understand the potential pitfalls that may arise when writing the essay.An essay that is filled with creativity and imagination can be very effective in demonstrating a student's skills and abilities. However, sometimes it can be difficult to communicate this creativity through words that are written in a standardized format. A sample placement test essay will assist a student to express their ideas through innovative concepts and thought provoking statements. This helps students to demonstrate that they can use a variety of methods to express their ideas and concepts through their essay.The process of writing an essay in response to a placement test can be a challenge. While some students are challenged with writing in response to a sample test question, others find it more difficult. The passage of time can cause students to become bored with answering the same questions over again. A sample placement test essay is a great tool for helping a student to determine if they are able to write an effective essay, even if they have not ever written any other essay.Many students are surprised at how easy it is to write an essay in response to a sample question, as well as how difficult it is to write original essays on other topics. Even if students have never written anything other than a standard essay before, they can still create a powerful essay that demonstrates their skills and abilities. The most important thing to remember is that students should write their essay responses using a different style than what is typically used when writing standard essays. Students should choose a style that is uniquely theirs, but still reflect the standards and rules that are often associated with essay writing.The benefit of having a sample placement test is that it will prepare students for the general expectations that will be placed upon them. Most students are given written work to fill out during a placement test. It is important that the student is prepared, both in preparing for the questions and the test itself. A sample placement test can help students familiarize themselves with the expec tations that will be placed upon them on the test.

Writing a College Essay on How Technology Has Changed Education

<h1>Writing a College Essay on How Technology Has Changed Education</h1><p>If you need to compose a school exposition on how innovation has changed training, the main thing you have to do is investigate the manner in which you have been learning. It's essential to take note of that a large number of the things you have learned all through your school years are simply part of the long history of humanity. Prior to the coming of PCs and the web, learning was essentially cultivated through talking with individuals, going to classes and by retaining facts.</p><p></p><p>Back in the day, early learning was nearly as successful as today's. Those good old techniques can be copied, however just in the event that you exploit the advances in innovation that make remembrance and introduction a lot simpler. Luckily, you don't need to put resources into cutting edge contraptions to profit by the advantages of learning.</p><p></p><p> One of the greatest ways that innovation has changed instruction is using advanced innovation. PCs and the web are permitting understudies to learn all the more proficiently. Since PC projects and e-learning apparatuses can lead studies and courses without the utilization of an educator, they make it feasible for understudies to learn in the comfort of their own homes. Understudies who exploit these assets will have the option to keep in contact with others, and will be increasingly happy with setting off to a class when they have more adaptability than any time in recent memory before.</p><p></p><p>Another way that innovation has changed the manner in which you learn is through the improvement of online examination materials. Today, understudies have various chances to gain from home. This is particularly evident in the event that they have their own PC and a web association. Rather than returning to class to get materials, they can utilize online assets, fo r example, wikis and visit rooms to become familiar with all the basics.</p><p></p><p>For model, in an online social examination program, understudies will have the option to contemplate punctuation aptitudes, discourse and perusing. Whenthey need to discover explicit data or comprehend complex ideas, they will have the option to do as such. Subsequently, they will have the option to learn more effectively.</p><p></p><p>A school paper on how innovation has changed instruction will likewise incorporate the utilization of augmented reality. The making of this medium furnishes understudies with an encounter that is fundamentally the same as their genuine condition. They will learn through virtual labs and labs where they can interface with different understudies and work together to tackle genuine problems.</p><p></p><p>Through computer generated reality programs, understudies can adapt rapidly while remaining insi de their calendars. This is particularly significant for online understudies who may have an occupation, family commitments and different commitments outside of school. Understudies who exploit the benefits of these projects will have the option to learn at their own pace, utilizing innovation to stay up with the latest and current.</p><p></p><p>Remember that composing a school article on how innovation has changed training is entirely different than learning using apparatuses, for example, online courses or computer generated reality programs. Online understudies are substantially more acclimated with keeping in contact with others. Truth be told, with a considerable lot of them concentrating from home, they are getting more OK with this thought than any other time in recent memory before.</p>

Critique of a Research Article - 3113 Words

Comparison of language used and patterns of communication in inter-professional and multidisciplinary teams. This assignment will look at an article by Sheehan, Robertson and Ormond (2007) who are educators with speech/language, medical radiation technology and occupational therapy professional backgrounds. The researchers are professionals from Christchurch College of Education, School of Occupational Therapy and the University of Canterbury respectively. The article was published in the Journal of Inter professional Care in New Zealand. The article was chosen because it highlights the complex interactions and communication that occur in multidisciplinary and interprofessional teams. It also reflects on experience encountered during†¦show more content†¦| |ï ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½ grounded theory |The study adopted a case study method with the researchers being | |ï ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½ participatory action research |involved in what is being observed. The case study method is | |ï ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½ other |therefore suitable for realist research. Rather than a research | | |method, Whittaker (2010, p.12) saw case study as more a focus of | | |study in which a variety of research method can be used. | | | | | | | | | | |Show MoreRelatedCritique Of A Research Article1750 Words   |  7 PagesCritique of a research article This paper is a critique of Alison Fuller and Lorna Unwin’s research article ‘Knowledge Workers’ as the New Apprentices: The Influence of Organisational Autonomy, Goals and Values on the Nurturing of Expertise’ Vocations and Learning’. Professor Alison Fuller, formerly of the University of Southampton, has been Chair in Vocational Education and Work at the Institute Of Education (IOE) since September 2013 while Lorna Unwin is Chair in Vocational Education at the IOERead MoreResearch Article Critique2605 Words   |  11 Pagesobjective of this assignment is to critique the research article titled ‘Staff-student relationships and their impact on nursing students’ belongingness and learning’. Polit and Beck (2008) highlighted that there is expectancy on nurses to conduct research in order to base their practice on evidence which has emerged from research. Nurses are expected to use their research findings to make informed decisions and actions with patients. The ultimate goal of research is to develop and expand ones knowledgeRead MoreA Critique Of A Quantitative Research Article1289 Words   |  6 PagesThe following is a critique of a quantitative research article with a qualitative component. Elements of a research article will be discussed, as well as what each component is supposed to include and the essentials to writing a good research article. The critiquing is based on what was learned in class. Introduction The title of a research article should deliver key information that shares the research variables in quantitative studies according to Polit and Beck (2014). This title includes allRead MoreEssay Research Article Critique1359 Words   |  6 PagesMODULE 2: RESEARCH ARTICLE CRITIQUE Vandana G. Kotapally Grand Canyon University: SPE 557 04/25/2012 Abstract Causes of dyslexia or reading disabilities have been hotly debated by researchers and educators. Knowledge regarding the causes of reading disabilities is important as they define the strategies that will used to help students with dyslexia learn. Dyslexia is caused by differences in the information processing patterns of learning disability students. Language and phonological skillsRead MoreJournal Article Research Critique1767 Words   |  8 PagesJournal Article Research Critique by C. O’Neal MBA 532 UA – Quantitative Business Analysis Instructor:Dr. Ed Ohlson Cheryl O’Neal 3/8/2008 Journal Article Research Critique by C. O’Neal Introduction Cancer patients experience a variety of symptoms that are associated with the disease process itself and with the treatment regimens used to control or eradicate the disease. The authors (Bender, Engberg, Donovan, Cohen, Houze, Rosenzweig, Mallory, Dunbar-JacobRead MoreResearch Critique, Part 2: Critique of Quantitative Research Article1077 Words   |  5 PagesRunning head: RESEARCH CRITIQUE, PART 2: CRITIQUE OF QUANTITATIVE Research Critique, Part 2: Critique of Quantitative Research Article Debra Benton Grand Canyon University Introduction to Nursing Research NRS 433V August 26, 2012 Research Critique, Part 2: Critique of Quantitative Research Article The population who are diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) often experience daytime drowsiness and are at risk for ischemic heart disease, arrhythmias, hypertension, and other vascularRead MoreResearch Article Critique on Alzheimers Disease1720 Words   |  7 PagesDanisha Stewart April 18, 2012 Research Article Critique 1 NURS 4922 1. Brodaty, H., Ames, D., Snowdon, J., Woodward, M., Kirwan, J., Clarnette, R., amp; ... Greenspan, D. (2005). Risperidone for psychosis of Alzheimers disease and mixed dementia: results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 20(12), 1153-1157. 2. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of low dose risperidone in treating psychosis ofRead MoreEssay on Nursing Research Article Critique 990 Words   |  4 Pagesform new types of interventions in order to give adequate care across a of number of fields within the system. Research then, has been an essential part in providing definitive data, either by disproving previous beliefs or confirming newly found data and methods. Moreover, research in itself contains its own process with a methodological approach. Of the notable methods, quantitative research is often used for its systemic approach (Polit Beck, 2006). Thus, the use of the scientific method is usedRead MoreResearch Article Critique Of The Call Bells Essay1851 Words   |  8 PagesResearch Article Critique Dance of the Call Bells suggest that using ethnography to evaluate patient satisfaction with quality of care is a way of evaluating problems in a hospital. In this paper different methods provided insight into the perception that patients have in regard to the care that they should receive. It is very clearly and concisely stated that there are three interrelate components associated with bell calling the nurse. These are the responding of the patients call, understandingRead More Nursing Research Article Critique Essay1663 Words   |  7 PagesControl is and has been a pervasive factor in the lives of many across the world, influencing the way research can be conducted or the way people try to maintain a balance in the weight or appearance. The simple principle has to ability to create complexities for a person both on an external and internal level. An example of this is eating disorders, in which a person manipulates the amount of nutrition they may receive, either by denying oneself or over indulging in it. Healthcare workers, in

Case Study On Ethics & Corporate Social Responsibility

Questions: 1.Which is the National Advertising Division's most important stakeholder, businesses or consumers? 2. Do you believe the BBB can be truly imparlial given its financial dependence on businesses? 3. What actions would you take to ensure an ethical misconduct disaster such as the pay-for-play scheme does not happen again? Answers: Executive Summary This report is mainly focused towards performing a critical analysis of the case of BBB with a view to evaluate the important aspects related to it. On the basis of performance of analysis of the given case, it has been assessed that BBB is mainly concerned with encouraging businesses to remain ethical in performing their practices. In relation to this, it offers ratings to businesses that act as a basis to consumers in judging their performance. However, the analysis as performed has mainly assessed the stakeholders of BBB and the performance of case analysis indicated that the most significant stakeholder is the consumers of businesses. The analysis also focused towards the impartiality of BBB in respect to its financial dependence on business, and the case analysis has indicated that it is highly difficult to BBB in remain impartial provided its financial dependence on its members. The functioning of BBB in an efficient manner can be ensured by way of its members because they prov ide necessary fees which are essential to it in running its operations. The assessment of important actions needed in ensuring that the ethical misconduct in the form of pay for play can be avoided leads to identification that there are various such actions that could be considered in ensuring that similar kinds of pay for play can be avoided in performing the business practices. Introduction This report involves a critical analysis of the case of Better Business Bureau (BBB) which has been a self regulatory trade association in US. An analysis as performed has indicates that the case is related to the activities that are carried out by BBB and the various major issues and litigations that are faced by it. A critical analysis of the case implies that an important chapter of BBB is the National Advertising Division (NAD) that is mainly focused towards evaluating the advertisements of other companies, and creates awareness within consumers with regard to any fraudulent practices within such advertisements of companies. BBB is mainly concerned with creating awareness within consumers of businesses regarding the ethical and unethical practices as performed by them so that they can remain safe from engaging into any kinds of fraudulent practices. This has been ensured by BBB through a complete check-up of the business practices in relation to their compliance with ethics and s ocial responsibilities and based on the assessment, necessary ratings are provided to them according to their performance. These ratings allow consumers in making objective decisions with respect to organisations performance (Jennings, 2003). This report is aimed at assessing the case of BBB by paying specific attention to certain major areas including an assessment of the National Advertising Divisions most important stakeholder. In addition to this, the analysis also assesses whether BBB can be truly impartial provided its financial dependence on businesses, and finally, an assessment would be carried out with respect to the actions that are essential in ensuring that the fraudulent practices in the form of pay for play scheme does not happen again. Based on the findings from the entire analysis, they will be concluded in the conclusion section of this report. Most Important Stakeholder of National Advertising Division (NAD) Stakeholders of an organisation are mainly those interested parties that are directly influenced by the actions undertaken by management within it. They are directly affected by the performance of the organisation and as such, they are highly crucial to them as well. In respect to the given case analysis, it has been assessed that NAD has been an important part of BBB which has been created for the purpose of monitoring the performance of advertisements as carried out by businesses. This particular NAD system as established also has certain major stakeholders for which it mainly exist. A critical assessment of the case indicated that the most significant stakeholder of NAD is mainly the consumers. This is mainly identified from the core purpose of NAD which has been to provide the consumers of businesses with sufficient details about the ways in which their business performs. The ethical and unethical practices especially in respect to their advertising initiatives are disclosed by N AD as a part of its responsibility which allows consumers in taking most efficient decisions regarding that particular business (Flynn, 2008). An analysis of the case of NAD indicates that the most significant beneficial from the services of the company is mainly its consumers. The consumers are benefitted from getting the reports over BBBs website with respect to the performance of their companies as to whether they are practising in an ethical manner. As the NAD division of BBB is completely working in a manner aimed at satisfying the consumers of businesses from the fraudulent practices as undertaken by them, the most important stakeholder can be regarded as the consumers. Businesses perform the advertising practices with a view to attract customers, and they often mislead information with a view to attract more and more consumers to buy their requirements for them. However, such misleading information as provided by such organisations to their consumers are regarded as unethical from the point of view of BBB and they should therefore be avoided completely. This NAD division of BBB assesses the advertising activities of businesses which allow it in making efficient decisions in educating consumers (Jindal-Snape and Hannah, 2014). Consumers are required to make efficient decisions with respect to their spending and they are greatly hurt when they are engaged in fraudulent practices of businesses. It is therefore essential that there should be appropriate measures aimed at protecting the interest of consumers and preventing them from engaging in fraudulent deceptions by businesses. NAD division of BBB is primarily engaged in such processes whereby it facilitates adequate level of information to consumers and thereby empowers them with the opportunity to make most relevant decisions that are free from fraudulent practices. Since the entire working of NAD is primarily towards ensuring the protection of consumers from the advertising practices of businesses, it can be said that the most important stakeholder of the company is therefore the consumers that consumes products and services as offered by businesses. However, an analysis of the need for advertising regulation on the part of businesses implies that it is highly essential that they should be regulated so that customers can be benefitted to the maximum extent possible. Advertising practices offer significant level of opportunities to businesses in entering into fraudulent practices in the form of consumer deception whereby the messages regarding the products and services of the businesses are presented in a manner aimed at deceiving consumers. Businesses often make significant level of claims regarding their products and services which are not always accurate and true. Such messages are aimed at deceiving consumers with a view to encourage them to make more and more of buying of the products and services as offered by businesses. As for example, businesses often makes claim that their products and services are superior as compared to their competitors, and these claims are made on unreasonable grounds. They are aimed at attracting c ustomers but at the same time, they are also regarded as highly unethical. Hence, NAD is primarily engaged in performing the management of advertisements by identifying any kinds of deception within it with a view to educate consumers (Giersson and Holmgren, 2000). As the analysis above indicates that the most significant stakeholder of NAD is consumers, but at the same time, the case analysis also indicated that businesses also plays an important role in respect to the services provision of NAD. This is mainly because the advertisements of businesses are mainly examined by NAD with a view to assess the involvement of ethics or unethical values in it. As a result, businesses also form a critical part of the services as offered by NAD. The case analysis also indicated that businesses are provided ratings based on their performance over ethical values and social responsibilities in respect to their advertising related practices. This rating by BBB is solely based on their performance conditions, and the businesses that adapt unfair means in influencing the consumers buying decisions are generally provided with lower grades by NAD. However, the case analysis indicates that NAD also provides sufficient opportunity to businesses in rectifying the er rors within their advertising campaigns so that they can categorise them as BBB accredited. The analysis above indicates that the main stakeholder of NAD is mainly the consumers of businesses because the services of NAD are primarily influenced by affecting the consumers interest towards the products and services of particular organisation. Their services are aimed at creating awareness within consumers regarding the advertisement effectiveness of businesses so that they can make better decisions. The analysis also indicated that businesses also account for playing a significant role in terms of the stakeholder of NAD because they are being rated based on their performance which affects their overall performance and brand image in front of their consumers (Trevio and Weaver, 2003). Impartiality of BBB Provided its Financial Dependence on Businesses An analysis of the case study indicated about the way in which BBB performs its operations. The company is primarily engaged in safeguarding the interest of its consumers by way of providing rating to businesses depending on their ethical and social performance. BBB encourages businesses to act in a socially responsible manner and also in acting ethically with respect to their practices. Businesses that are highly ethical and responsible with respect to their actions and initiatives are usually provided ratings by BBB and they can show the ratings on their website so that it makes it easy to them in convincing their customers. However, in providing such services whereby BBB rates businesses on the basis of their performance, it is essential that there should be certain sources of revenue generation to it. Businesses can survive by having adequate revenue from their operations (Trevio and Weaver, 2003). An analysis of the case of BBB indicates that the only way in which revenue is generated by the company is mainly through its membership feature whereby businesses seeking to get the ratings of BBB are required to become its member first. This signifies that BBB is also financially dependent on the businesses because the membership by businesses is the only source of revenue generation to the company. As this has been the only way in which survival of BBB is being ensured, the question of impartiality of BBB with respect to the rating services as provided by it is significant. The financial dependence of BBB on businesses led to my belief that BBB cannot be impartial in providing ratings to its customers i.e. the businesses. This is mainly because businesses that would subscribe the membership of BBB are likely to contribute positively in terms of certain fee to it. The fees as provided would cover up the costs that have to be incurred in reviewing the business practices in providing ratings to them (Bhatia, 2002). Businesses that would positively accept the membership of BBB are likely to get favourable treatment in terms of their ratings and this has been evident from the cases of companies in the past whereby members of BBB are claimed to get favourable ratings as compared to the non-members or non-subscriber to its services. As for example, the analysis of the case study indicates about the Ritz Carlton case and also with respect to some of the Pucks restaurant whereby it has been evaluated that BBB awarded higher grades especially to businesses that are accredited to it. Further, another similar example has been indicated in the case whereby it has been asserted that the members of BBB have asked businesses to become members of BBB in order to get higher grades. All these practices of BBB branches to encourage businesses in becoming its member clearly give an indication of the fact that impartiality in respect to the ratings as provided by it exists. Without revenue generation sources, it is highly difficult for an organisation to survive and this has also been evident in respect to BBB. The case analysis leads to identification that there are various important areas whereby impartiality has been noted especially in respect to the services as offered by BBB. The partiality has been noted especially in respect to the ratings as provided by BBB to businesses. Some of them have been lower rating despite there has been lower consumer complaints and faster resolution of few such complaints. However, other businesses have received higher ratings from BBB and this is particularly because of their membership with it. This signifies the direct level of impact of membership over the performance of BBB in terms of its ratings to other businesses. As a result, it can be concluded that BBB cannot be truly impartial based on its financial dependence on the membership as subscribed by businesses (Trevio and Weaver, 2003). Ethical Actions for Ensuring that Pay for Play Does not Happen Again This section of analysis is aimed at assessing the ethical actions that would be needed in ensuring that the ethical misconduct in the form of pay for play does not happen again. However, in order to analyse such ethical misconduct to happen never in the future, it is essential to understand such concept initially and this is followed by an identification of the ways in which it can be managed in a proper manner. An analysis of the case of BBB indicates that this ethical misconduct in the form of pay for play has been taken place and it mainly indicates a type of fraudulent practice whereby the organisation and individual pay for favourable treatment at the expense of other parties. This implies that favourable decisions are undertaken in respect to an organisation that is highly favourable and the others are not considered important. This has been a fraudulent practice from the point of view of treating organisations, and it indicates a partial treatment offered to an organisation. As in respect to the given case of BBB, there has been claim being made over the ratings provided by BBB whereby it has been claimed that the ratings are partially affected by the membership criterion. The members of BBB have received the favourable rating of A+ whereas others have struggled to make significant ratings. This indicates the existence of pay for play scheme in respect to BBB. However, this fraudulent practice has been carried out at BBB, it has adversely affected the brand image of the organisation. This type of fraudulent practice should be avoided so that they cannot affect the brand image of the organisation. In ensuring so, there are a range of ethical practices that are required to be undertaken. The major actions needed in order to ensure that similar kinds of misconduct do not happen again are briefly indicated as follows: 1. First of all, the branches that have been identified as performing this pay for play scheme should be stopped from performing again, and they should be closed down. This would act as a basis to other branches of the same organisation in not following the similar kinds of practices (Lavery, 2007). 2. Secondly, the action needed is mainly to eliminate the driving factor that becomes the primary reason driving BBB in considering pay for payment scheme. In the given case, membership fee is the main driving factor and it requires changes to the rating systems. As for instance, there should be ratings provided only to the members and the non-members should not be considered at all. This would reduce the chances of partial ratings on the part of company, and all the businesses would be rated without any kinds of discrimination (Badiou, 2002). 3. In addition to the above actions, the accreditation process should be reviewed by third parties so that there would be complete elimination of the fraudulent practices in the process can be ensured. The chances of applying pay for play scheme would reduce considerably from the consideration of third parties in the process of reviewing the accreditation process. 4. There is also a need to streamline the process with respect to receiving complaints so that there can be objective evaluation of the organisations processes in providing rating to them. This is also a crucial process that can be considered in ensuring that the pay for play scheme is restricted from occurrence. These are some of the major actions that are essential to be considered in ensuring that such kind of ethical misconduct is prohibited from occurrence and most objective decisions can be possible with respect to providing ratings to organisations on the basis of their performance. Conclusion In this report, a critical assessment has been carried out especially in respect to the case of BBB and the performance of case analysis has indicated significant level of findings in respect to the different important areas. The analysis initially focused towards assessing the important stakeholders of NAD and the performance of case analysis has indicated significant level of findings. It has been evaluated that the most critical stakeholder of NAD is mainly the consumers of businesses because the main purpose of NAD has been to protect the interest of consumers by way of providing them complete information with regard to ethical and unethical practices as practiced by them while performing advertising activities. Although the major stakeholder has been identified as consumers, yet an analysis indicates that businesses are also an important stakeholder of NAD, as the review of activities and ratings to them are provided based on their performance. Apart from this, it has also been evaluated that BBB cannot act in an impartial manner given its financial dependence on businesses. This is mainly because the fee from the membership businesses is crucial determining factor from the point of view of performing its operations. Finally, an assessment has been carried out with respect to the actions needed in ensuring that the pay for play scheme can be avoided and the performance of analysis indicated that there are various such actions that are required to be considered in ensuring that ethical misconduct can be prohibited from occurrence. References Badiou, A. (2002), Ethics: An Essay on the Understanding of Evil, Page 2, Verso. Bhatia, S.K. (2002), Business Ethics and Managerial Values: Concepts, Issues and Dilemmas in Shaping Ethical Culture for Competitive Advantage of Organisations, Deep and Deep Publications. Flynn, G. (2008), Leadership and Business Ethics, Springer Science Business Media. Giersson, H. and Holmgren, M. (2000), Ethical Theory: A Concise Anthology, Broadview Press. Jennings, M.M. (2003). The critical role of ethics: recent history has shown that when individual ethics are compromised, corporate ethics fail and financial disaster is not far behind. Internal Auditor, Vol. 60(6). Jindal-Snape, D. And Hannah, E.S. (2014), Exploring the Dynamics of Personal, Professional and Interprofessional Ethics, Policy Press. Lavery, J.V. (2007), Ethical Issues in International Biomedical Research: A Casebook, Oxford University Press. Trevio, L.K. and Weaver, G.R. (2003), Managing Ethics in Business Organizations: Social Scientific Perspective, Stanford University Press.

To What Extent was Self-Preservation the Prime Motive of the Catholic Churchs subservience to the Nazi Regime Essay Example

To What Extent was Self-Preservation the Prime Motive of the Catholic Churchs subservience to the Nazi Regime Essay The Catholic Church (referenced as simply The Church from here on) was a fairly unique resistance group during the Nazi period 1933 1945. It was unique for two main reasons; firstly it was the only counter-authority1 to the Nazi Regime permitted under Nazi Law, and secondly, it was the only institution that radically changed the interpretations of its core principles through the introduction of new personalities.The question above deals with three major areas of debate. The first, and most crucial, is whether the Church used resistance to ensure its own survival and whether it was central to their controversial role during the above period. The second area of debate is contrary to the first; it deals with the other motives that the Church may have had for collaborating or assisting the regime, specifically whether or not Anti-Semitism, played a significant part of the Churches actions during the Nazi Period. However, the third area of debate, the extent to which the Catholic Church was strictly subservient to the Nazi Regime is so substantial, there is just not enough space in this project to cover it adequately. Therefore, my investigation will not concern itself it detail with the actions of the Catholic Church, but rather its motives for undertaking those actions.In writing this, I will reference many sources from a number of political and religious backgrounds. There are a number of sources of varying utility, which help to develop an argument. For example, Primary sources such, as the Encyclical Humani Generis Unitas are invaluable when discussing the dissimilarities between Pope Pious XI, and Pope Pious XII. As a direct Issue of the Church it can be seen as a genuine attempt by the Church to clarify its position on the persecution of the Jews, rather than a piece of apologetic historical commentary after the event and is therefore able to described as politically untainted. On the other hand however, a quote from Daniel Goldhagens book A Moral Reckoning has a clear motive behind it. As a radical Jewish historian he has tried to throw open the debate on the Nazi period by referencing heavily the Anti-Semitism of the Church and the German People thus creating a Judo-centric view of Nazi activities. He may therefore exaggerate the truth slightly to make his points seem more convincing. Consequently, when evaluating his work we must keep this motive in mind. Generally however all historians work have some value, due, in part, to the extensive research involved in forming their compositions. Thus we can never therefore simply discard a source because it is biased or extreme since sometimes it is these extreme opinions, which can create the most useful suppositions.The Church has, throughout modern history, been arguably the biggest obstacle to dictatorship. Whether it was Kulturkampf in Bismarcks Germany, War Communism in Lenins Russia, or The Papal Land Seizures in Mussolinis Italy, the Catholic Church has proved to be an institution t hat has needed to be dealt with specifically, in order to successfully create a truly Totalitarianist state. The Catholic Church before the Nazi period represented around 32% of the population in Germany (22 Million members) with a wide range of powerful institutions such as Youth Organisations, Political Parties and Schools. Hence when Hitler rose to power in 1933 the Church plausibly saw another threat to their position emerging and thus there was an urgent need to re-affirm their status and position within this new Germany.The consequence of this anxiety was the agreement of the Church to enter into a Concordat agreement with the new Nazi leader. The Concordat, which was signed on 20th July 1933, by Cardinal Eugenio Pacelli (later to become Pope Pious XII), which ensured the basic freedom and co-existence of the Church within the Nazi regime. It offered the Church partial anonymity from the state, by allowing them to retain their own schools, and their religious social clubs. How ever, it did recognise that the Church would be subservient in Law to the state, disband its political wing, The Catholic Centre Party, and, made the Nazi Curriculum mandatory in Catholic Schools.The signing of this Concordat I believe shows the willingness of the Catholic Church to agree to restrict their political progression in favour of a guaranteed existence. The purpose was self-defence, not a wider political opposition2As Jonathan Wright comments, the Church was far more interested in preserving its status as a religious institution, rather than trying to promote a political agenda, thus they were prepared to concede political activism, if they could carry on practising their religion freely. J R C Wright himself is a Political Historian and a practising Anglican3 and therefore the quote above can be coloured by his religious background. As such there is a possibility that he could be anti-Catholic, but because the source doesnt seem to be unfairly critical of the Church, it is likely this is not the case. This article was however written in the 1970s, when the Vatican had not opened any of their archives from after 1922,4 and as such J R C Wright would not have had access to the detailed information they have revealed when writing his article. Thus there is a possibility that his article is not as qualified as that of a later historian who would have had access to the Vatican Archives. Later historian Beth Greich-Polelle puts forward another argument; she believes it was previous experiences with a nationalist Germany that rationalises the actions the Church undertook.The fear of another state-sponsored attack on Catholicism (much like the one waged under Bismarck in the 1870s) was a serious factor in the minds of many German clergymen5The state-sponsored attack that Greich-Polelle refers to is the Kulturkampf. Roughly translated, the Culture Wars were a direct attack by Bismarck on the Catholic Church in Prussia, during the 1870s. Even though the sup pression was eventually overturned, the violence that ensued against the Catholics coupled with the vulnerability the Catholic Churchs authority represented outside the Papal States became clear, the Clergy could not allow the Nazis to create another Kulturkampf.Beth Greich-Polelle believes Kulturkampf is key to understanding why the Church allowed itself to have its power removed, and in her book Bishop von Galen: German Catholicism and National Socialism she tries to relay the importance of the psychological impact that this piece of recent history would have on the Clergy. She attempts to justify the acceptance of the new regime as a move to preserve the position of Catholicism in the modern state and by creating a Concordat (something Pacelli had been trying to do all over Europe for roughly a decade); he would make this a reality.As an accredited historian working as a Professor of Modern History in the USA, Greich-Polelle uses a vast amount of primary sources from the diaries of Bishop von Galen, a German nationalist who initially welcomed Hitler before becoming an outspoken critic of the Nazi Anti-Semitism after 1934, roughly the same time as Niemà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ller and Bonhà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ffer broke away to form the Confessional Church for the same reasons. With this in mind the source above seems very useful when deciding what motives were really behind Pacellis signing of the Concordat since von Galens view as a fellow nationalist would have been somewhat in line with Pacellis.In addition to J R C Wright and Beth Greich-Polelle, Martyn Housden also agrees that the Church wanted to preserve its own position, rather than ratifying the Nazi establishment. He comments:The Churches and their followers generally were more interested in defending their religious space rather than rooted in a politically active anti-Nazi morality.6As with Wright and Greich-Polelle, Housden agrees that the Church was attempting to distance itself from the political aspects of Nazi sm in order to preserve its religious position. However while reviewing his work, Richard Steigmann-Gall of the University of Toronto, points out that by overlooking [the] admittedly more disturbing acts of ideological commission, he leaves the reader with a flawed analysis7. He does this by ignoring the works of Wolfgang Gerlach, Hermann Grieve, Richard Gutteridge, and Markje Smid, authors who have all directly tackled the issue of the Catholic Church in Germany and whose works includes anti-Semitism. Steigmann-Gall goes on to point out that when reading his chapter entitled opposition born of belief; Housden again does not discuss Christian Anti-Semitism. Steigmann-Gall in a sense therefore is making the claim that there must have been some tacit-support of Anti-Semitism in the church and that the actions of the Church cannot be solely for self-preservation. This of course is a crucial feature of Goldhagens thesis and backs up his claim that anti-Semitism, in some form, did exist within the Catholic Church. Housdens failure to include anti-Semitism could be for two reason, either Housden has failed to address the critical debate of Anti-Semitism by mistake, or he may be trying to distance his own personal beliefs in Christianity, from that of the atrocities synonymous with the Anti-Semitism within the Nazi concentration camps. As a result, his work becomes questionable, compared with Wrights and Greich-Polelles.On the other extreme of the overall debate, Daniel Jonah Goldhagen, and John Cornwell, both believe that the Church as an institution was anti-Semitic and that racism played a massive part in what they believe, was the Churches acceptance and collaboration with the Nazi Regime. They both publicly denounce Pope Pious XII as Hitlers Pope and criticise the Church as ignoring the atrocities performed by the Nazis, even though it posed a complete antithesis to their moral code of ethics.In Daniel Goldhagens book A Moral Reckoning, he condemns the Church as wholly racist against the Jews and attacks particularly Pacelli as a nationalist. He cites the suppression of the encyclical Humani Generis Unitas as a clear example of Pacellis true anti-Semitism and his abandonment of decent Catholic morals and ethics. This encyclical was written by Pius XI in which he condemns the actions of the Nazis and those who are involved in the racial segregation of the Jews.The practise of evasion and denial began as early as 1939 when Pope Pious XII suppressed Humani Generis Unitas, the antiracism encyclical of his predecessor It would finally have the Church defend the hounded Jews8Goldhagen rightly points out the importance of this encyclical because it would clarify, officially, the position of the Church on genocide in Nazi Germany, specifically condemning it, such persecutory methods are totally at variance with the true spirit of the Catholic Church9.Goldhagen goes on to make clear the distinction between Pope Pious XI and Pious XII, citing Pio us XI as an ideologue who was set to uphold the Catholic moral of denouncing the Nazi Regime through the hidden encyclical. Goldhagen then presents Pious XII as a nationalist in his own right and hints that this suppression was part of a deal between Hitler and Pious XII. He paints a picture of Pacelli as an ambitious anti-Semitic who wanted to pursue his doctrine due to his belief in the Jews unshakable guilt over the death of Jesus.He then goes on to claim that only German Catholics were capable of being united behind anti-Semitism thus being able to create the circumstances for genocide. He claims, rightly or wrongly, that the German mindset was the only one capable of rallying so quickly to nationalism and that the German way of thinking does play a significant part in understanding the Catholic Churchs role during the Nazi period. So powerful was the racial cognitive in Germany that the Catholic Church by and large accepted and disseminated it in its own teaching.Goldhagen be lieves that this does not just include Catholics, but Lutheran Protestant Christians, as well as non-believers. Goldhagen makes this point in his first book (Hitlers Willing Executioners) but touches only briefly on it in A Moral Reckoning, a book devoted to the Churches involvement during the Nazi Period. He concentrates much more on the individual Catholic mental struggle with the past. He claims that the Church still blamed contemporary Jews for the death of Jesus. Goldhagen cites Archbishop Konrad Grobers published pastoral letter10 of 1941 as evidence of this: -[Archbishop Grober] placed the blame upon the Jews for the death of Jesus, which he implied justifies what Germans were then doing to the Jews8This clearly attempts to justify the persecution of Jews as retribution for the murder of Jesus. However, this may not however a fair appraisal of the contents of the letter as we are only provided with a limited extract in the book. Goldhagen, as mentioned before is a radical Zi onist historian and is likely to overemphasize evidence in order to discredit the Church, this selective use of the Grà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ber letter can be evidence of this.Norman Finklestein, a Jewish Political historian cites numerous examples of Goldhagens exaggeration in his book The Goldhagen Thesis and Historical Truth. He cites the example of the 12 Ritual Murder trails (1867-1914), where Goldhagen reverses the findings11 of Pulzer (whom he quotes in Hitlers Willing Executioners) by exemplifying the single guilty case when the meaning of the findings was to show how eleven of the cases came to other conclusions, conclusions Finkelstein suggests, may have proved his point flawed. Finklestein also points out a number of Diary entries, and covertly placed texts, like that of crucial evidence referring to the anti-Semitic petition in 19th Century Bavaria, as being buried in the back pages9. As a result, Goldhagens work can never be taken at face value, due, in part, to his selective use of sources, which Finklestein suggests, tries to undermine the Churches authority in the eyes of the readerJohn Cornwell also attacks the Church for its anti-Semitism during the Nazi period. He places a greater emphasis than Goldhagen does on the actions of Pious XII but is still critical of the Catholic Church in general for its involvement with the Nazi regime. Cornwell references, like Goldhagen, the importance of the encyclical Humani Generis Unitas and condemns Pacelli for sitting on it10, as well as including information about the true extent to which Pius XII had detailed knowledge of the final solution.Cornwell believes that Pious XIIs anti-Semitism had a lot to do with the links between Russian Communists and world Jewry. This is qualified by the fact that most of the top KDP members in Weimar Germany were infact Jewish. One of the main reasons why the Church was so afraid of Communism was because of the atrocities in the Soviet Union during the periods of War Communism wit h Churches being shut down and outlawed. It is for this reason that Cornwell believes that Pacelli is not willing to stand up for the Jews, moving away from the traditional anti-Semitic argument, to a more Communist influenced anti-Semitism.Pacelli and the office for which he was responsible betrayed an antagonistic policy towards the Jews [based on] a link between Judaism and the Bolshevik plot to destroy Christendom.12It is clear that Cornwell seeks to link Pious XII to this misconception and does make a very convincing line of argument. It could be possible for the link between Judaism and that of Communism to be forged so closely and that, what Goldhagen describes as the German mindset, could have pushed Pacelli to the extent of anti-Semitism. Cornwell then goes on to heavily criticise Pacelli for not condemning those members of his clergy engaged in the unmasking of Jews and the stopping of conversions in very strongly Catholic areas. This unmasking of Jews by Catholics and Ca tholic Bishops is well documented in the Gestapo reports of the period. Catholicism never accepts racism or any attempt to assist racism under any circumstances.Nor did he [Pacelli] attempt to intervene in the process by which Catholic Clergy collaborated in racial certification to identify the Jews13This collaboration Cornwell goes on to say, aided the persecution of the Jews and contributed heavily in the rural communities assistance during the Final Solution. He then moves on to make the accusation that the Church was not as unaware of the Final Solution, as it historically has claimed. With the opening of the Vatican archives, letters and diaries14 from prominent members of Pacellis Privy Council display that Pacelli was infact one of the first in the world to know of the Nazi plans and took no action whatsoever, even waiting months before accepting that he had even received the letter. This can be interpreted as self-preservation, but Cornwell is convinced by Pacellis actions d uring the 1930s that anti-Semitism was the main factor in Pacellis decision not to act upon this information. The Vatican archives prove this by showing Pacellis registered disagreement with Pius XI over condemning anti-Semitism in the mid 30s, which adds weight to the accusation that his actions werent just for self-preservation. Through the mid to late 1930s, Pacelli failed to sanction protests by the German Catholic episcopate against anti-Semitism it is clear that Pacelli believed that the Jews had brought misfortune on their own head11When discussing the merits of Cornwells work, Dr Peter Gumpel S.J15, a leading expert on the Catholic Church during the period, cites a number of clear mistakes in Cornwells work. His work mainly concerns itself with a lack of proper research, referring to the list of archives, which Cornwell claims to have consulted. Gumpel claims that a book, which makes such pretentious claims, should have consulted such archives as the German, Italian and mos t notably the Acts of the Nuremberg Trials which would, Gumpel claims, have shown Pacellis work to save the Jews, which Ralph McInerny estimates is around 860,00016. He goes on to question the value of the content describing the first section of the book as wishy-washy, while describing his criticisms of the Concordat as wholly unfair as at no point does he ever discuss the primary papal importance of the Concordat. He even shows a massive translation error, which completely changes the whole context with which a Chapter of his book refers to. The Encyclical letter with burning preoccupation and not with great appreciation as Cornwell mistranslatesAs a result, the value of Cornwells work has come under massive strain. Although Dr Gumpel also has been criticised for his attacks on Cornwell, the evidence that Cornwell has misrepresented Pacelli as a character is considerable and as a result, his work is less useful that it at first appears to be.In Conclusion, the evidence supportin g the claim that the Churches actions during the Nazi period were purely in self-defence, in other words, for self-preservation, I believe outweigh the accusations of anti-Semitism within the Church. There is strong evidence that the Church as an institution is anti-Semitic, and there can be no doubt that there are sections of the Catholic Church that do believe that the Jews still posses an unshakeable guilt over the death of Jesus. There is also a chance that Pacelli (Pope Pious XII) could have been one of those people who believed in this guilt, but when critically appraising the merits of the historians that have claimed this, I have found myself more convinced by Bette Greich-Polelles explanation of events. In reference to her work, it is my belief that the Church during the Nazi period was self-interested and was set on trying to avoid another Kulturkampf, thus by accepting restrictions on their political freedoms it would ensure the spiritual dimension of Catholicism would li ve on throughout and beyond Nazi Germany.